EST. 1982 · HONG KONG · 40+ YEARS
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Potable water disinfection

Chlorination of new or repaired drinking water pipework and tanks before they go into service — dosed, held, flushed, tested and reported.

THE SHORT ANSWER

Before a new or reworked drinking water system is put into service, every pipe, fitting and tank in it must be disinfected. Construction, storage and open pipe ends leave contamination behind that flushing alone does not remove. Gotech fills the system with chlorinated water at 50 mg/L or more, draws it through every outlet on every floor, holds it for 24 hours, flushes it back below 1.5 mg/L and sends samples from each subsystem for laboratory analysis. You get the readings and a dated report for the commissioning file. It is a different job from fresh water tank cleaning, which is routine maintenance of the tank itself.

When a system needs it

  • New water mains, risers and internal plumbing, before first use — disinfection is part of commissioning.
  • Pipework that has been repaired, extended or replaced, so the new section does not contaminate the rest.
  • Any system where contamination is suspected.
  • Before handover, when the commissioning file needs disinfection records and laboratory results.

In an occupied building the work is planned section by section and floor by floor, so the water suspension is as short as it can be.

Why flushing alone is not enough

Contamination gets into new pipework during construction and storage, and most of all where pipe ends were left open. Sediment inside a pipe shelters micro-organisms, so a disinfectant cannot do its job on a dirty pipe. The order matters: keep pipes clean and plugged before installation, pressure-test and flush out the dirt and weld debris, and only then chlorinate. Flushing removes what is loose; chlorination deals with what flushing leaves behind.

What happens on site

Chlorine level through the job: dosed to 50 mg/L or more on day 1, held for 24 hours staying above 30 mg/L, flushed below 1.5 mg/L on day 2, samples taken on days 3 to 4

1 · Preparation

  • Check that every water-using point is accessible.
  • Tell everyone affected the date and duration of the water suspension. Water from the outlets being disinfected must not be used.
  • Disconnect or bypass appliances and equipment that must not contact the disinfectant — UV sterilisers, boilers, water heaters and similar — and switch the rest to off or bypass.
  • Isolate the mains supply and fit a temporary connection for feeding the disinfectant solution, and isolate the hot water return and fit a temporary connection for filling and draining.

Before we start, the contractor has pressure-tested the pipework, flushed each section through hydrants or wash-outs to remove dirt and weld debris, cleaned the tanks and refilled the system with potable water with every valve open.

2 · Day 1 — chlorination

  1. Dose the disinfectant into the water tank and mix it to a chlorine concentration of 50 mg/L or more.
  2. Draw it to the lowest point of the section and test: the reading must exceed 50 mg/L. Keep draining for five to ten seconds and test again, then close the valve so the main is full of chlorinated water.
  3. Work from the top floor down. On every floor, open every valve, hydrant and fitting until chlorinated water flows, and test each sampling point for more than 50 mg/L.
  4. Operate every valve, hydrant and fitting at least once while it is in contact with the chlorinated water, then close it.

3 · The 24-hour soak

The chlorinated water stays in the mains and subsystem pipes for about 24 hours. The sampling points are then tested again: the chlorine must still exceed 30 mg/L.

4 · Day 2 — flush

The chlorinated water is flushed and discharged until the chlorine in the water main is below 1.5 mg/L. Flushing continues on days 3 and 4 if a section needs it.

5 · Samples and report

Water samples are collected from every subsystem and analysed by a HOKLAS-accredited laboratory. The readings from each stage and the laboratory results go into a dated report for your commissioning or handover file.

Chemicals and test equipment

  • ACL 56 (NSF), the disinfectant used, dosed at 50–100 mg/L. It binds to organic surfaces, which is what lets it destroy micro-organisms, including Legionella, on the pipe wall.
  • HACH Pocket Colorimeter II and Macherey-Nagel chlorine test papers for the chlorine readings at every sampling point.
  • Warning labels on every outlet during the job, and record sheets for every reading.

The schedule

WhenWhat happensWater
BeforeNotice to all parties, appliances bypassed, temporary connections fittedOn, then isolated
Day 1Chlorination to 50 mg/L or more at every outlet, floor by floorOff for the section
24 hoursSoak; re-test for 30 mg/L or moreOff
Day 2Flush and discharge until below 1.5 mg/LOff, then restored
Days 3–4Further flushing if needed; samples collected from every subsystemOn, except any section still being flushed
AfterLaboratory analysis and the dated reportOn

Nobody may use water from the outlets being disinfected until the flush reading is below 1.5 mg/L. We label the outlets and tell you when the section is back in service.

Frequently asked questions

How long is the water off?

For the section being treated: day 1 for chlorination, the 24-hour soak, and day 2 for flushing, with further flushing on days 3 and 4 only if a reading is still high. Occupied buildings are done section by section so the rest of the building keeps its supply.

What chlorine level do you use?

The system is dosed to 50 to 100 mg/L and every outlet must read more than 50 mg/L when it is drawn. After the 24-hour soak the reading must still exceed 30 mg/L. It is then flushed until the water main is below 1.5 mg/L.

Can appliances stay connected?

No. UV sterilisers, boilers, water heaters and any equipment that must not contact the disinfectant are disconnected or bypassed first, and anything still connected is switched off or set to bypass.

Is this the same as cleaning the water tank?

No. Fresh water tank cleaning is routine maintenance of the tank: drain, clean, disinfect the tank and refill. Potable water disinfection chlorinates the whole pipework system to a measured concentration before it goes into service. Tanks are cleaned before the chlorination starts.

Do you test the water afterwards?

Yes. Samples are collected from every subsystem after the flush and analysed by a HOKLAS-accredited laboratory, and the results go into the report with the chlorine readings from each stage.

Talk to us about your system

  • A free site survey first — no obligation
  • A written quotation for your records
  • A dated report after every visit
  • Serving Hong Kong since 1982
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